Mathematical models of the node of technogenic influence, taking into account the main directions of material flows in the logistics of mining enterprises

¹Semenenko Ye.V.,²Dziuba S.V., ¹Medvedieva O.O.,¹Slobodiannykova I.L.,³Haminich O.V.,¹Kabakova L.B.

¹M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine; E-mail: igtmnanu@ukr.net

²Pridniprovsky Scientific Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine; E-mail: office.psc@nas.gov.ua

³OlesHonchar Dnipro National University; E-mail: cdep@dnu.dp.ua

Corresponding author:evs_post@meta.ua

ABSTRACT. The aim of the work is to create a mathematical model of liquid waste storage that accumulates processed products and mine waters simultaneously from many mining and processing plants, taking into account technological constraints on waste volumes and climatic factors depending on the season. The proposed mathematical model of node of technogenic influence is based on the balance of material flows in and out the node. A typical node of technogenic influence is an accumulation node. In the problem considered in this paper, the accumulation node is a waste storage facility where liquid man-made deposits are stored. The model of this node includes a system of equations describing the height of the water mirror and the bottom level depending on the volume of placers and water in and out for the analysed period of operation, taking into account the geometric features of the storage. The main directions of material flows can be formed from two or three nodes of technogenic influence. The first case is typical for underground mining, and the second one is typical for open pit mining. In the second case, the main direction is formed from the node of extraction of primary deposits, the node of processing or separation, and the node of accumulation or the node of storage of man-made deposits. The mathematical model makes it possible to determine the level of the free surface mirror in any month of the year, as well as to calculate the change in the current height of the water mirror in storage for any period of the year, such as spring months or all year round.

Key words: node of technogenic influence, liquid waste storage.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110150 

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GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY AND BENCH FACE ANGLE OF THE ELLATZITE OPEN-PIT MINE, BULGARIA

Stefan Nachev, Ivan Vasilev
Ellatzite-Med AD, 2086 Mirkovo, E-mail: s.p.nachev@ellatzite-med.com, i.vasilev@ellatzite-med.com
Corresponding author: s.p.nachev@ellatzite-med.com

ABSTRACT. The paper presents a geotechnical investigation of the structural integrity of the Ellatzite open-pit mine and considers the achieved bench face angle, while looking at the final geometry shaping of the bench face. The study shows that the influence of the lithology, rock mass structure, mining technology and water saturation of the bench faces is of crucial importance for achieving a long-term sustainability of the mine benches. Therefore, some efforts need to be made to optimise the technological processes in the mine, as well as to drain precipitated and groundwater away from the slopes, by maintaining an effective and appropriate drainage and dewatering system.

Key words: open pit mine, geotechnical investigation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110149

References

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Advancements in Civil Explosives: Novel Formulations and Sustainable Fuel Solutions

 Zdravka Mollova
University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia; E-mail: z.mollova@mgu.bg

ABSTRACT. The article presents the development of a new explosive mixture based on agricultural ammonium nitrate, possessing high detonation capability, increased water resistance, and physical stability. The concept for its creation is based on obtaining an oil-in-water (O/W) type microemulsion, produced using vegetable oil. Calculations conducted showed that the use of 100 % rapeseed oil methyl esters compared to diesel fuel improves emulsification by 14 %, reducing emulsification time by 15 %. Due to the structure of the microemulsion, ordinary agricultural ammonium nitrate can successfully retain around 7.5 % of the microemulsion. This amount of fuel phase is sufficient for obtaining an explosive composition with an appropriate oxygen balance. Substituting the porous ammonium nitrate (PAN) with agricultural ammonium nitrate – the cheapest oxidizer for the production of the newly developed explosive mixture, reduces its production cost and significantly increases the competitiveness of the product.

Key words: ANFO, ammonium nitrate, microemulsion, plant oil.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110148

References

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PROSPECTS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF QUARTZ-FELDSPAR CONCENTRATE OBTAINED FROM KAOLIN ENRICHMENT INTO CERAMIC PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Volodymyr Kotenko, Serhiy Bashynsky, Ihor Piskun
State University “Zhytomyr Polytechnic”, 10005 Zhytomyr, E-mail: gef_kvv@ztu.edu.ua; kgt_bsi@ztu.edu.ua; ihor@ztu.edu.ua

ABSTRACT. The paper examines the potential use of quartz-feldspar concentrate obtained as a result of kaolin enrichment to meet the growing demand for quartz-feldspar materials, which are essential components in the production of ceramic tiles, sanitary ceramics and other products.The research methodology includes laboratory tests of the chemical composition of kaolin enrichment waste and analysis of the possibility for obtaining marketable quartz-feldspar concentrates using flotation and electrostatic separation methods. The results showed that high-quality concentrates (possessing the necessary physical and chemical properties) that are suitable for ceramic production can be obtained by flotation of such waste.The use of such waste contributes to reducing waste volumes and ensuring a stable supply of raw materials for the ceramics industry.

Key words: kaolin beneficiation, quartz-feldspar concentrate, flotation, electromagnetic separation, construction ceramics.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110147

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Utilisation of green waste from mine overburden through bio-electrochemical systems

Rosen Ivanov
University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia; E-mail: r.ivanov@mgu.bg

ABSTRACT. Proper management of overburden materials can reduce the environmental impact and increase the benefits of mining activities. It is important to consider the specific composition of the overburden and local needs when selecting the most appropriate recovery method. And while much of the overburden material can be used in construction, reclamation, cement production and more, the green waste problem has not been sufficiently solved. In the present publication, the possibilities of generating energy from the green waste from the overburden through bio-electrochemical systems are investigated. The possibilities of generating energy from grass, wood chips and leaves have been studied. The best results were achieved in grass utilisation, generating a power density of 107,58 mW/m².

Key words: mine overburden, bio-electrochemical systems, solid phase microbial fuel cells

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110146

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ASSESSMENT OF ZEOLITE USE FOR REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS FROM WASTEWATER

Gospodinka Gicheva, Alexander Chanachev, Neli Mintcheva

University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia; Bulgaria
E-mail: g.gicheva@mgu.bg; a.chanachev@mgu.bg; nnmintcheva@mgu.bg
Corresponding author: g.gicheva@mgu.bg

ABSTRACT. Zeolites are types of inorganic porous materials that have been widely investigated and applied for their excellent sorption ability for wastewater treatment.  Their low cost, safeness, natural abundance and accessibility make them good candidates for a large-scale application. Pollution generated by organic compounds, especially hydrocarbons from oil spills and crude oil refineries emerge as a great concern for aquatic life and the environment. The hydrophobic and highly stable molecules of hydrocarbons determine their persistence toward conventional methods involved in water treatment plants and accidental spills in oceans and seas. This paper presents the works that have been focused on implementation of natural and synthetic zeolites and their modified forms as well as zeolite composites for removal of hydrocarbons from wastewater.

Key words: zeolites; wastewater treatment; oil spill; hydrocarbon pollution

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110145

References

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INNOVATIVE PROCESS LINE FOR MATERIAL SAMPLE PREPARATION

 V. Fedoskina¹, O. Yu. Svietkina², K. A. Ziborov³, M. M. Yerisov⁴, V. O. Fedoskin⁵

Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
Emails: fedoskina.ev@gmail.com, svietkina.o.y@nmu.one, ziborov@nmu.org.ua, erisov@ukr.net, fedoskin.va@ukr.net

Corresponding author:fedoskina.ev@gmail.com

 ABSTRACT. The successful establishment and sustainable development of mining enterprises depends on a number of factors, including geological research, management of mineral extraction and processing processes, and sample preparation technology. The sample preparation plants that are currently used have a multi-stage technological process, often with manual transfer of material between technological operations. Standard crushing and grinding equipment with a low degree of grinding, high metal consumption and overall dimensions is used. Separation of material by size also occurs on standard screens, which are poorly suited for sample preparation. The purpose of the work is to substantiate an innovative technological scheme for preparing mineral samples for laboratory analysis. The determining unit of the production line is a vibrating jaw crusher with an inclined crushing chamber, which has a degree of material grinding of more than 100 and allows one to obtain a final product with a particle size of -1 mm in one pass in an open crushing cycle, which reduces the number of overload devices that significantly affect sample clogging with material. Horizontal loading of the source material and unloading of the crushed material makes it possible to arrange all equipment in a horizontal plane, eliminate large-sized metal structures and ensure ease of maintenance. The vibrating screen of the improved design has a complex working profile, which provides a significant increase in the path of transportation of material particles along the sieving surface compared to its length, effective cleaning of the mesh and its visual inspection through the transparent lid, which eliminates clogging of the material of the previous sample. The working surface is a set of sieve cards that allow quick replacement of the worn part of the screening surface. The technical characteristics of the equipment and the general view of a small-sized modular crushing and grinding plant are presented.

Key words: mineral exploration sampling, sample preparation, vibrating jaw crusher, vibrating screen, accuracy of analyses

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110144

References

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Fedoskina, O. V., Yerisov, M. M. & Fedoskin, V. O. (2023). Features of vibration crushing of geological samples of material. Sustainable Extraction and Processing of Raw Materials (SEPRM), 21-26  https://doi.org/10.58903/ u17190826

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OVERCOMING THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE COAL INDUSTRY AS A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO GREENING CARBON ENERGY

Alexander Brodt
MLTS Group of Kairos Development International Inc., Oakland Av. Pontiac, MI 48324 USA

Corresponding author: alexander.brodt@gmail.com

ABSTRACT. The problem of stopping carbon dioxide emissions from carbon energy can be solved either by ceasing coal mining or by overcoming the shortcomings of the coal industry. The main disadvantage of carbon energy is the emission of carbon dioxide from coal combustion. Carbon dioxide is also formed due to the endogenous oxidation of coal during its transportation. Eliminating carbon dioxide emissions from coal combustion can be achieved by forming an underground bifunctional mining and energy system containing except a steam generator with a steam turbine also several types of magnetohydrodinamic generators running by oxygen produced by algae on the earth’s surface that eat carbon dioxide from the exhausted gases from coal combustion. Liquidation of endogenous oxidation of coal can be achieved by replacing wheeled transport with a new type of pipeline transport, using a carrier medium with superior density.

Key words: overcoming the shortcomings of the coal industry, doubling the coal thermal power plant efficiency, avoiding the endogenous oxidation of coal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110143

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Brodt, A. (2023). Increase in the density of carrier medium as a way to create hydrotransport of minerals in large lump form. Sustainable extraction and processing of raw materials, 4, 11-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/ u17190824

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Enhanced Heavy Metal Extraction from Post-Mining Contaminated Soil through Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Adsorption and Subsequent Phytoremediation

 Velichka Arahangelova¹, Alexandre Loukanov^1,2

 ¹ Laboratory of Engineering NanoBiotechnology, Department of Eng. Geoecology, University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski” – Sofia, Bulgaria, E-mails: w.mitova@abv.bg, a.loukanov@mgu.bg
² Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Institute of Technology, Gunma College, 580 Toriba, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8530 Japan, E-mails: loukanov@gunma-ct.ac.jp

ABSTRACT. In the current paper, the iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been demonstrated to facilitate the extraction of heavy metals from post-mining contaminated soil due to their water solubility and adsorption capabilities for the target contaminants. Furthermore, IONPs were subsequently removed from the treated soil through phytoremediation and bioaccumulated in the roots and stems of legume plants. For that purpose, 20 nm IONPs coated with an organic shell of humic acid were engineered and their adsorption capacity was assessed to heavy metals as cadmium (Cd²⁺), lead (Pb²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), manganese (Mn²⁺), copper (Cu²⁺), and nickel (Ni²⁺), which are common pollutants of acid mine drainage. In the framework of phytoremediation employing legume plants, the IONPs were directly introduced into the experimental soil samples alongside compost. Subsequently, it was noted that the legume roots absorbed the nanoparticles, acting as carriers for the captured heavy metals, thus aiding in their translocation to the aboveground portions of the plants. When introduced into soil environments, humic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in combination with compost may exert positive effects on rhizosphere microbial populations. This can occur through the reduction of toxic metal ion levels and the potential side reaction of degrading or transforming organic pollutants into less harmful substances. Ultimately, the heavy metals become immobilized within the plant biomass, which can subsequently be harvested and removed from the contaminated site. This process leads to soil purification and remediation. The report presented here outlines a promising avenue for practical implementation, combining organic-coated IONPs with select plants to enhance bioaccumulation of heavy metals. This approach aims to develop future cost-effective passive treatment systems for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated post-mining sites.

Key words: phytoremediation, iron oxide nanoparticles, post-mining contaminated soil, bioaccumulation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110142

References

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ACID AND AMMONIA LEACHING OF SECONDARY COPPER SULFIDES

Todor Angelov, Ivanka Valchanova
University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia
Corresponding author: Todor Angelov, E-mail: tangelov419@gmail.bg

ABSTRACT. The study focuses on understanding the efficiency and kinetics of copper recovery from secondary sulphide ores, which are increasingly becoming a significant source of copper. An experimental investigation was undertaken to assess the leaching behaviour of secondary copper sulphides in acid and ammonia media. The test work consisted of ore sample characterisation, including physico-mechanical properties determination, chemical assay, whole rock analysis, mineralogy, and copper distributions, followed by acid consumption tests, agglomeration, and agitation leach tests. Leaching tests were conducted in a lab-scale agitated reactor using 100 g of the ore sample, 0.3 l of leach solution, а stirring rate of 420 rpm and a leach time of up to 200 hours. The effect of the reaction time and oxidant (Fe³⁺, NO⁺) concentration on the copper recovery was evaluated. The maximum copper extraction was obtained in the test performed using acid media with the addition of NO⁺ as an oxidant. Further, a potential hydrometallurgical process option for recovering copper from secondary sulphide sources is proposed.

Key words: copper, leaching, secondary sulphides, oxidant

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110151

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