OVERCOMING THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE COAL INDUSTRY AS A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO GREENING CARBON ENERGY

OVERCOMING THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE COAL INDUSTRY AS A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO GREENING CARBON ENERGY

Alexander Brodt
MLTS Group of Kairos Development International Inc., Oakland Av. Pontiac, MI 48324 USA

Corresponding author: alexander.brodt@gmail.com

ABSTRACT. The problem of stopping carbon dioxide emissions from carbon energy can be solved either by ceasing coal mining or by overcoming the shortcomings of the coal industry. The main disadvantage of carbon energy is the emission of carbon dioxide from coal combustion. Carbon dioxide is also formed due to the endogenous oxidation of coal during its transportation. Eliminating carbon dioxide emissions from coal combustion can be achieved by forming an underground bifunctional mining and energy system containing except a steam generator with a steam turbine also several types of magnetohydrodinamic generators running by oxygen produced by algae on the earth’s surface that eat carbon dioxide from the exhausted gases from coal combustion. Liquidation of endogenous oxidation of coal can be achieved by replacing wheeled transport with a new type of pipeline transport, using a carrier medium with superior density.

Key words: overcoming the shortcomings of the coal industry, doubling the coal thermal power plant efficiency, avoiding the endogenous oxidation of coal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/dv69110143

References

Alexandrov, N. E., Kostin, K. I. & Kukis V. S. (2006). Osnovy teorii teplovykh protsessov i mashin. Chast 2. (3-e izdanie). BINOM. Laboratoriya znaniy (in Russian).

Bejan, A. (1997). Advanced engineering thermodynamics (2nd ed). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043799808928263

Branyikova, I.& Lucakova, S. (2021). Technical and physiological aspects of microalgae cultivation and productivity – spirulina as a promising and feasible choice. Organic Agriculture, 11, 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00323-1

Brodt, A. (2023). Increase in the density of carrier medium as a way to create hydrotransport of minerals in large lump form. Sustainable extraction and processing of raw materials, 4, 11-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/ u17190824

Chai, S.Y.W. & Ngu, L.H. (2022). Accelerated weathering of limestone bicarbonate induced CaCO3 precipitation in a mixture of sand, fly ash and CaO. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1257 (1), Article 012024. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1257/1/012024

Chai, S.Y.W., Damu, D. N. A., How, B. S., Chin, M. Y., Adini, M. J. B. A., Kassim A. M., Peter, C. & Ngu, L. H. (2024). Optimization of accelerated weathering of limestone for CO2 capture in cement industry, AIP Conference Proceedings, 3041, Article 020002. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0194621

Chai, S.Y.W., Ngu, L.H., How B. S. (2022). Review of carbon capture absorbents for CO2 utilization. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 12 (3), 394-427.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2151

Clarens, A. F., Resurreccion, E. P., White, M. A. & Colosi, L. M. (2010). Environmental life cycle comparison of algae to other bioenergy feedstocks. Environmental Science & Technology, 44 (5), 1813-1819. https://doi.org/10.1021/es902838n

Cobo, S., Negri, V., Valente, A., Reiner, D. M., Hamelin, L., Mac Dowell, N. & Guillen-Gosalbez, G. (2023). Sustainable scale-up of negative emissions technologies and practices: Where to focus. Environmental Research Letters, 18, Article 023001. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acacb3

Cox, E. & Edwards, N.R. (2019). Beyond carbon pricing: Policy levers for negative emissions technologies. Climate Policy, 19(9), 1144–1156. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1634509

Crawford, K.M., Busch, M.H.,Locke, H. & Luecke, N.C. (2020). Native soil microbial amendments generate trade-offs in plant productivity, diversity, and soil stability in coastal dune restorations. Restoration Ecology, 28(2), 328–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13073

Devianto, H., Eviani, M. & Prakoso, T. (2024). Application of integrated electrodes materials for enhancing the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, AIP Conference Proceedings, 3073, Article 020003. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0194297

Duan-Mu, J-W., Wu, Z-Z., Gao, F-Y., Yang, P-P., Niu, Z-Z., Zhang, Y-C, Chi, L.-P. & Gao, M-R. (2024). Investigation and mitigation of carbon deposition over copper catalyst during electrochemical CO2 reduction. Precision chemistry, 2, 151−160. https://doi.org/10.1021/prechem.4c00002

Ebrahimi, A.,  Meratizaman, M.,  Reyhani, H. A., Pourali, O. & Amidpour, M. (2015). Energetic, exergetic and economic assessment of oxygen production from two columns cryogenic air separation unit. Energy, 90 (Part 2), 1298-1316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.083

Gupta, J., Singla, M. K. & Nijhawan,  P. (2021). Magnetohydrodynamic system – a need for a sustainable power generation source.  Magnetohydrodynamics, 57 (2), 251–272. DOI 10.22364/mhd.57.2.9

IPCC. (2023): Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth  Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 35-115. doi: 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647

Jones, M. Q. W. (2018). Virgin rock temperatures and geothermal gradients in the Bushveld Complex. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 118 (7), 671-680. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2018/v118n7a1

Jung, F., Krüger-Genge, A., Waldeck, P. & Küpper, J.-H. Spirulina platensis, a super food? (2019). Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, 5(1), 43-54. DOI 10.3233/JCB-189012

Kanzaki, Y., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J. & Reinhard, C. T. (2022). Soil cycles of elements simulator for predicting TERrestrial regulation of greenhouse gases: SCEPTER v0.9, Geoscientific Model Development, 15, 4959–4990. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4959-2022

Kirchner, J. S., Berry, A., Ohnemüller, F., Schnetger, B.,  Erich, E., Brumsack H.-Jr. & Lettmann K. A. (2020).  Reducing CO2 emissions of a coal-fired power plant via accelerated weathering of limestone: Carbon capture efficiency and environmental safety. Environmental science & technology. 54 (7), 4528-4535. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07009

Rau, G. H. (2011). CO2 mitigation via capture and chemical conversion in seawater. Environmental Science & Technology, 45 (3), 1088-1092. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102671x

Rzhevsky, V. V. & Selivanov G. I. (1989). Podzemnoe sžiganie uglja. MGI

Singh, S. P. & Singh, P. (2014). Effect of CO2 concentration on algal growth: A review.  Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 38,  172-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.043

Taylor, L.L., Quirk, J., Thorley, R.M.S., Kharecha, P.A.; Hansen, J., Ridgwell, A., Lomas, M.R., Banwart, S.A. & Beerling, D.J. (2016). Enhanced weathering strategies for stabilizing climate and averting ocean acidification. Nature Climate Change, 6, 402–406. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2882

Vandeginste, V., Lim, C. & Ji, Y. (2024). Exploratory review on environmental aspects of enhanced qeathering as a carbon dioxide wemoval method. Minerals, 14, Article 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14010075.