CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRACTICES IN THE BULGARIAN RAW MATERIAL INDUSTRY

Vessela Petrova

ABSTRACT. The circular economy, which promotes the responsible and cyclical use of resources, contributing to sustainable development is becoming more and more popular, especially in the European Union. The concept of switching from the traditional linear to cyclical consumption model leads to minimisation of waste and environmental pollution, and in this regard the New Circular Economy Plan is already in place. The great ambitions for changes in the industry are strengthened by the Green Pact (Green Deal). The publication presents an in–depth study of the literature on the subject, as well as the five business models through which, in practice, a circle is realised. It has been established that the literature in the context of the mining industry is extremely scarce, and the business models through which the processes in the industry are carried out are poorly studied. An up–to–date survey of 13 companies in the raw–material resources sector in Bulgaria is also presented, aimed at showing the extent to which they understand and apply the circular economy in their work. The res ults unequivocally prove that the concept is not new for the business.

Keywords: circular economy, business models, raw material industry

Petrova, V. Circular economy practices in the Bulgarian raw material industry
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4270134
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58903/a14161834

References

1. Andersen, M.S. (2007). An introductory note on the environmental economics of the circular economy. Sustain Science 2, 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-006-0013-6

2. Boulding, K. (1966), “The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth”, in H. Jarrett (ed.), Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.

3. Bulgarian Chamber of Mining and Geology. 2010-2019. Godishen byuletin 2010-2019, Mineralno-surovinnata industria v Bulgaria. BMGK, Sofia (in Bulgarian) : https://www.bmgk.bg/%d0%b1%d1%8e%d0%bb%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%bd-%20%20%20%20%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%85%d0%b8%d0%b2/.

4. Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2014) Biomimicry: systems that work…and lessons we can learn – Disruptive Innovation Festival 2014

5. Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2017) Circular Economy Schools of Thought – Performance Economy.

6. Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2012) Towards the circular economy: Economic business rationale for an accelerated transition.

7. EPEA (2017) The Cradle to Cradle® design concept – EPEA, EPEA Internationale Umweltforschung GmbH.

8. Fiorenza Belussi, Katia Caldari, At the origin of the industrial district: Alfred Marshall and the Cambridge school, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Volume 33, Issue 2, March 2009, Pages 335–355, https://academic.oup.com/cje/article/33/2/335/1732562.

9. Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C. and Ulgiati, S. (2016) A review on circular economy: The expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 114, pp. 11–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.007

10. Heck, P. (2006). Circular economy related international practices and policy trends: Current situation and practices on sustainable production and consumption and international circular economy development policy summary and analysis. World Bank Report.

11. Heshmati, A. (2014b). An Empirical Survey of the Ramification of a Green Economy. IZA Discussion Paper 2014:8078, 33 pages.

12. Heshmati, A. (2014a). Demand, Customer Base-Line and Demand Response in the Electricity Market: A Survey. Journal of Economics Surveys 28(5), 862-888.

13. Heshmati, A., Abolhosseini S. and J. Altmann (2015). The Development of Renewable Energy Sources and its Significance for the Environment. Springer.

14. Marshall, Alfred (1890). Principles of Economics. 1 (First ed.). London: Macmillan.

15. Meadows, Donella H, Meadows, Dennis L, Randers, Jørgen. (1972) The Limits to Growth; A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind. New York, Universe Books.

16. METI (2004). Handbook on Resource Recycling Legislation and 3R Initiatives. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Tokyo, Japan.

17. Mitchell, P. (2015), “Employment and the circular economy – Job Creation through resource efficiency in London’’. Report produced by WRAP for the London Sustainable Development Commission, the London Waste and Recycling Board and the Greater London Authority.

18. Morioka, T., K. Tsunemi, Y. Yamamoto, H. Yabar and N. Yoshida (2005). Eco-efficiency of advanced loop closing systems for vehicles and household appliances in Hyogo Eco-town. Journal of Industrial Ecology 9(4), 205-221. DOI: 10.1162/108819805775247909

19. Nogalski, B. A. Szpitter, A. Jablonski, M. Jablonski (2020) Networked Business Models in the Circular Economy, IGI Global.  DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7850-5

20. Paspaldzjiev, I., (2020) Evropeyskata zelena sdelka – promenite te parva predstoiat, [Online] Available at https://www.sustainability.bg/%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0/ (in Bulgarian).

21. Pearce, D.W. and R.K. Turner (1990). Economics of natural resources and environment. Harvester Wheatsheaf, John Hopkins University Press.

22. Preston, F. (2012), “A Global Redesign? Shaping the Circular Economy”, Briefing Paper, London: Chatham House.

23. Renner, G.T. (1947). Geography of Industrial Localization. Economic Geography. 23 (3): 167–189.

Rizos, V., K. Tuokko, A. Behrens (2017) The circular economy. A review of definitions, processes and impacts. CEPS Research Report No. 2017/09.

Sauvé, S., S. Bernard and P. Sloan (2016), “Environmental sciences, sustainable development and circular economy: Alternative concepts for trans-disciplinary research’’, Environmental Development, Vol. 17, pp. 48-56.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2015.09.002

SITRA (2019а). Dictionary – The circular economy. Noudettu osoitteesta. https://www.sitra.fi/en/dictionary/the-circular-economy/

SITRA (2019b). The critical move – Finland’s roadmap to circular economy 2.0. Noudettu osoitteesta. https://www.sitra.fi/en/projects/critical-move-finnish-road-map-circular-economy-2-0/#actions

Trifonova, B. (2019) Model for HR Management in Mining Companies. Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists – Varna. Economic Sciences Series, 8 (1), 166-173, (in Bulgarian). doi: 10.36997/IJUSV-ESS/2019.8.1

Van Berkel, R., T. Fujita, S. Hashimoto, and Y. Geng (2009). Industrial and urban symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the eco-town. Journal of Environmental Management 90, 1544-1556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.11.010